Nope.
The turbo runs on wasted heat energy. A normal car engine runs at approximately 30% thermal efficiency, 30% goes up the exhaust pipe as wasted heat and fuel, 30% goes into driving accessories such as water pump, alternator.
By doing what you propose, you will be using more power to drive the accessories than what you gain out of creating more energy. By a factor of 3.
However, a turbo is an efficiency device. It takes wasted heat energy and uses that to give you more airflow. Effectively using part of that 30% wasted, and making your entire engine produce more power.
A turbo engine might be 150% more efficient than natural aspirated engine, so you see that what was 30% now goes up to 3x 50% usable power, wasted heat, and power available to accessories.
So... The best you can hope for is a 10% improvement on 30% which would be 3%, minus the energy you use to create the power to run your device....